A retired man created Modern Philosophy!
¡Un hombre jubilado crea la filosofía moderna!
Un retraité crée la philosophie moderne!
"Modern" philosophy appeared when Locke asked:
"How did Newton's brain work?".
(Just before 1914, Poincaré was still asking that question. )
Locke was a kind of Churchill, with the same philosophical level.
Then the strangest of bishops came to Locke's help. He was a strange idealist. He negated the "transsubstantation". Therefore he negated "matter". No "matter", no "transsubstantation". Berkeley was the friend of Queen's Anne. In that time, no Vitoria cross. So she gave abbeys, with the title and "benefits".

Then Hume criticized Berkeley, (I did not read much of both. I had enough with Roman theology). Hume came to France and frequented marchionesses. He became very fat. French cooking made him a "materialist".
Hume has a great merit, to "awake" Kant. I always write, "inKANTournable" (traduction? impossible: contourner is "to pass round"), because you guess the level of a philosopher from what he says about Kant, (for example, read Arendt, born in Kant's City, not a true philosopher but a "philosopher by flashes", extraordinary to "read an event"). Happily, she had a friend, Jaspers, another Kantian, to save her from the grasps of Heid'Higler.
Then what Locke did for Newton, Popper did for Einstein.

Kant did more. When Europe were a Bosnia-Tchetchenia plus Rwanda-Congo, he saw a solution, a society of Nations... He carried the "sociology" in his head and more: I pretend he had the "systemics"...
His continuators in this century were Wittgenstein and Popper.  They are my " giants " (to speak like Newton).

    "Philosophy" is questionning, (I prefer "problem-solving").
     Now, read the excellent biography of Locke in the Encyclopedia Universalis. Excellent  comparison  with Descartes; and check at what age Locke wrote "Understanding").